MOSFET, P TO-247;Transistor Type:MOSFET;Transistor Polarity:P;Voltage, Vds Typ:-200V;Current, Id Cont:12A;Resistance, Rds On:0.5ohm;Voltage, Vgs Rds on Measurement:-10V;Current, Idm Pulse:48A. The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET), also known as the metal–oxide–silicon transistor (MOS transistor, or MOS), is a type of insulated-gate field-effect transistor that is fabricated by the controlled oxidation of a semiconductor, typically silicon. In our circuit, we are going to use the IRF9640 P-channel MOSFET. The IRF9640 is an enhancement-type MOSFET, meaning as more negative voltage is fed to the gate, the current from the drain to the source increases. This is in contrast to depletion-type MOSFETs, in which increasing negative voltage to the base blocks the flow of current from the drain to the source, while placing n. P-Channel MOSFET on the 12V (VCC) Side of the Load. Let's say you want to turn ON and OFF a 12V DC motor using an Arduino and a P-Channel MOSFET. The most intuitive way to archive this goal is to wire the MOSFET on the VCC side of the load (the motor in this case).
MOSFET is a metal oxide semiconductor that is under the category of the field-effect transistor (FET). These transistors are widely used under the varieties of the applications relating to the amplification and the switching of the devices. Because of its fabrication MOSFET’s are available in smaller sizes. It consists of a source, drain, gate and the substrate of the transistor as its terminals. For the circuitry of analog or it be digital this one is the widely preferred transistor. Based on the variation at the depletion region width and the flow of the majority concentration of the carriers the working of the MOSFET is classified as depletion type and enhancement type.
What is MOSFET?
A FET that is designed with the gate terminal being insulted from the substrate which is either the p-type or n-type material is called as Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor. The Gate terminal which is a metal piece is insulated by material like silicon dioxide(Si02). The working of these MOSFETs depends upon the conduction of the charges through the channels based on the gate-source voltage.
Types of MOSFETs
Firstly based on the types of the channel it is classified as p-channel or n-channel MOSFETs. The presence of the channel in the transistor makes the MOSFET to operate into two different modes. If the channel exists and once the biasing is provided it starts to conduct then it is referred to as Depletion mode. Due to the biasing if the channel is created and then the conduction began then it is this referred to as Enhancement mode.
(1) Enhancement Mode
The application of the voltage makes the device to turn into ON mode known as Enhancement Mode. Generally, it is known for the characteristics similar to that of an open switch.
(2) Depletion Mode
In this mode, the application of the voltage makes the device turn into OFF mode. Hence these mode characteristics are equivalent to the closed switch.
MOSFET Symbol
The symbol of the MOSFET consists of the terminals and the representation of the channels based on the condition of the biasing and the way channel reacts to it make the device to conduct the flow of the charge carriers. The direction of the arrow in the below symbols represents the direction of the flow of charge carriers. In N- channel type it flows outward towards the gate and in P- channel type it flows inward away from the gate terminal.
Symbols for N-channel Depletion and Enhancement Types
Structure of MOSFET
The structure of the MOSFET is highly dependent on the influence of the majority of the charge carriers. Hence it makes the designing of this type of structure as the quite difficult one in comparison with the structure of the JFET. The formations of the electric field in this MOSFET either enhancement or depletion is completely dependent on the voltage applied at the terminal gate which in turn depends on the channel . If it is p-channel the majority of the concentration of the carriers will be holes and for n-type the majority of the concentration of the carriers are electrons.
Based on the biasing applied at the terminal gate the transistor conducts. If there is no conducting voltage provided then, in that case, it will remain in non-conducting mode. So these are generally preferred in switching the devices because it makes the device to turn ON or OFF based on the biasing.
Threshold Voltage
The voltage that is applied between the gate and the source terminal upon which the device turns on or off is called threshold voltage and it is also referred to as the gate voltage.
MOSFET Working
MOSFET working is highly dependent on the channel present in between the terminals. Fun games for mac free download. The presence of a p-type channel makes the transistor conduction possible due to its majority charge carriers referred to as holes. In the n-type channel, the transistor conductivity is based on their majority charge concentrations that are known as electrons.
(1) P-Channel
In this type of MOSFET, the source and drain are highly doped with a p-type material and they have very lightly doped n-type substrate. When the space between the drain and source are doped with a p-type impurities which becomes a channel between the source and the drain then it is a P-type depletion mode MOSFET and if the channel is formed between drain and source by the application of the gate voltage then it is P-type enhancement mode MOSFET.
P-Channel Enhancement Mode Working
Here the device starts conducting when a negative voltage is applied to the Gate terminal. When a negative voltage is applied to all the holes which are minority carriers in the n-type moves toward the gate terminal. But on its way, some of them combine with the some of the electrons which are minority carriers in the p-type drain and source. But at a particular voltage known as the threshold voltage, the holes will be able to overcome the recombination resulting in the formation of the channel between the drain and the source. Under this condition when a negative voltage is applied to the drain terminal the device starts conducting. Since the channel formed here is of holes it is called as P-channel Enhancement MOSFET.
P-Channel Depletion Mode Working
In this Mode when the gate voltage is zero and when a negative voltage is applied between the drain and the source then the holes start moving towards the drain because of the negative voltage and the device starts conducting. When a positive voltage is applied to the Gate terminal then the holes in the p channel get pushed toward the N-type substrate and start the recombine with the electrons in the N-type substrate. As the voltage increase, the number of recombination increases and this results in the depletion of the charge carriers(holes) which results in the reduction of the drain current. At a particular positive voltage of the gate terminal, the device stops conducting this voltage is called the Pinch-off voltage. When a negative voltage is applied to the Gate terminal then the holes which are the minority carriers in the n-type substrate moves directly towards the channel, as a result, the Drain current starts increasing. As the negative voltage of the Gate terminal increases the Drain current also increases. This region is called the Enhancement region.
P-Channel Depletion MOSFET
The variation in the width of the regions impacts the conductivity of the transistor. This is the reason it is known as the depletion type of p-channel MOSFET.
(2) N-Channel
In an N-type MOSFET, the source and the drain have a highly doped N-type material and lightly doped P-type substrate. Based on the way the channel is formed these are also classified as enhancement and the depletion type of MOSFETs.
N-Channel Enhancement Mode Working
The positive polarity of the voltage is considered here because n-channel consists of the majority of the carriers as electrons. The operation is similar to p-type MOSFET except that the device starts conducting when a positive voltage applied to the gate terminal. As the positive voltage in the gate terminal is increased at a particular threshold voltage and a channel gets formed drain and source. Under this condition, if a positive voltage is applied between the drain and source the device starts conducting.
N-Channel Depletion Mode Working
This mode of operation is similar to the P-type depletion-mode except that the drain to source terminal should be forward biased and a positive voltage should be applied to the Gate terminal for the current to flow from the drain to source. When a negative voltage is applied the major charge carriers get repelled towards the substrate and combines with the electrons resulting in the depletion of the major charge carriers in the channel and so then there will be a reduction in the drain current. At a particular negative voltage, the drain current becomes zero. This voltage is called a pinch-off voltage. Hence this type of MOSFET is known as the N-channel Depletion mode MOSFET.
N-Channel Depletion MOSFET
The enhancement mode is known for its characteristics based on the applied voltage whereas depletion is based on the variation of its width of the depletion region.
MOSFET Characteristics
The characteristics of the MOSFET are also dependent on the depletion and the enhancement modes.
Enhancement Mode Characteristics
The most preferred transistor in MOSFET is of enhancement type. In this type, there is no conduction seen if the voltage at the gate and the source terminals are zero. As the voltage reaches the threshold the conductivity tends to increase.
Depletion Mode Characteristics
In this mode, the width of this depletion region is dependent on the applied voltage at the terminal gate. If it is increased in terms of the positive polarity considered then this increment can be seen in the width of the depletion region. This mode of a transistor is very rarely preferred during the design of the electronic circuitry.
MOSFET Applications
The applications of the MOSFET are vast in terms of the electronics
(1) The switching consequence of the devices based on the threshold value makes the MOSFET to work as a switch. Based on the channels the polarity of the biasing voltage may vary.
(2) By the application of the pulse-width modulation technique (PWM) the movement of the motors like DC, Stepper, etc… can get controlled.
(3) The amplifiers designed from these devices are used in the systems of the sounds as well as the radio frequency systems.
(4) The operation of the switching leads to the exploitation of the circuits of the chopper. In this, the value of the DC voltages is converted into the AC voltage by maintaining the same levels for the amplitudes.
(5) If the depletion region of the MOSFET is made in the configuration of the source follower then these circuits are utilized as the voltage regulators in the linear mode.
(6) As the sources that provide the constant value of the current these transistors are utilized.
(7) In order to drive the current or the value of the voltage at a high level, these are preferred in the circuits of oscillators or the mixers.
(8) These are the transistors with the impedance at the high level and possess the switching speed to be at a high level. Because of these characteristics, these are preferred for digital electronics.
(9) It is preferred in various types of systems of sound in the automobiles and the reinforced systems of the sound.
(10) These are preferred in the designing of the calculators.
Hence the above are some of the various applications of the MOSFET.
In this way, the types of MOSFETs are discussed. Though it has a complex design than JFET it is more preferred in analog and digital electronics. This has the features that are responsible for its tremendous growth in technology. Now based on the description can you anyone give an example of an application that used JFET but later replaced with the MOSFET?
A P-Channel MOSFET is a type of MOSFET in which the channel of the MOSFET is composed of a majority of holes as current carriers. When the MOSFET is activated and is on, the majority of the current flowing are holes moving through the channels.
This is in contrast to the other type of MOSFET, which are N-Channel MOSFETs, in which the majority ofcurrent carriers are electrons.
Before, we go over the construction of P-Channel MOSFETs, we must go over the 2 types that exist. There are 2 types of P-Channel MOSFETs, enhancement-type MOSFETs and depletion-type MOSFETs.
A depletion-type MOSFET is normally on (maximum current flows from source to drain) when no differencein voltage exists between the gate and source terminals. However, if a voltage is applied to its gate lead, the drain-source channel becomes more resistive, until the gate voltage is so high, the transistor completely shuts off. An enhancement-type MOSFET is the opposite. It is normally off when the gate-source voltage is 0V(VGS=0). However, if a voltage is applied to its gate lead, the drain-source channel becomesless resistive.
In this article, we will go over how both P-Channel enhancement-type and depletion-type MOSFETs are constructed and operate.
How P-Channel MOSFETs Are Constructed Internally
An P-Channel MOSFET is made up of a P channel, which is a channel composed of a majority of hole current carriers. The gate terminals are made up of N-type material.
Depending on the voltage quantity and type (negative or positive)determines how the transistor operates and whether it turns on or off.
How a P-Channel Enhancement-type MOSFET Works
How to Turn on a P-Channel Enhancement Type MOSFET
To turn on a P-Channel Enhancement-type MOSFET, apply a positive voltage VS to the source of the MOSFET and apply a negative voltage to the gate terminal of the MOSFET (the gate must be sufficiently more negative than the threshold voltage across the drain-source region(VG
So with a sufficient positive voltage, VS, to the source and load, and sufficient negative voltage applied to the gate, the P-Channel Enhancement-type MOSFET is fully functional and is in the active 'ON' mode of operation.
How to Turn Off a P-Channel Enhancement Type MOSFET
To turn off a P-channel enhancement type MOSFET, there are 2 steps you can take. You can either cut off the bias positive voltage, VS, that powers the source. Or you can turn off the negative voltagegoing to the gate of the transistor.
P Type Mosfet Switch
How a P-Channel Depletion-type MOSFET Works
How to Turn on a P-Channel Depletion Type MOSFET
To turn on a P-Channel Depletion-Type MOSFET, for maximum operation, the gate voltage feeding the gate terminal should be 0V. With the gate voltage being 0V, the drain current is at is largest value and the transistor is in the active 'ON'region of conduction.
P Channel Mosfet Transistor
So, again, to turn on a P channel depletion-type MOSFET, positive voltage is applied to the source of the p-channel MOSFET. So we power the source terminal of the MOSFET with VS, a positive voltage supply. With a sufficient positive voltage, VS, and no voltage (0V) applied to the base, the P-channel Depletion-type MOSFET is in maximum operation and has the largest current.
How to Turn Off a P-Channel Depletion Type MOSFET
To turn off a P-channel MOSFET, there are 2 steps you can take. You can either cut off the bias positivevoltage, VDD, that powers the drain. Or you can apply a negative voltage to the gate. When a negativevoltage is applied to the gate, the current is reduced. As the gate voltage, VG, becomes more negative, the current lessens until cutoff, which is when then MOSFET is in the 'OFF' condition. This stops a large source-drain current.
So ,again, as negative voltage is applied to the gate terminal of the P channel depletion-type MOSFET, the MOSFET conducts less and less current across the source-drain terminal. When the gate voltage reaches a certain negative voltage threshold, it shuts the transistor off. Negative voltage shuts the transistor off. This is for a depletion-type P-channel MOSFET.
MOSFET transistors are used for both switching and amplifying applications. MOSFETs are perhaps the most popular transistors used today. Their high input impedance makes them draw very little input current, they are easy to make, can be made very small, and consume very little power.
Related Resources
How to Build a P-Channel MOSFET Switch Circuit
N-Channel MOSFET Basics
N Channel JFET Basics
P Channel JFET Basics
Types of Transistors